What is an SKU and How Your Small Business Can Use One

Retailers can set plenty of goals, but there aren’t always practical ways to achieve them. They might want a better way to track their stock, measure their sales, improve their store layouts and enhance customers’ shopping experiences, for example. The good news is all of these retail goals can be accomplished by implementing an SKU system.

What is an SKU?

SKU stands for stock keeping unit, and it’s an alphanumeric code used to collect data and track inventory. One SKU code is assigned to every product for sale in a retail store. The product data generated by SKUS helps manage inventory and is then analyzed by point-of-sale systems and cloud accounting software to provide beneficial insights and strategies for improvement.

Why are SKUs important?

Why are stock keeping units important? Not only do they help retailers track products and enhance software accounting capabilities, but they also provide several other useful benefits that ultimately help retail store owners drive sales and increase revenue.

Why is adding SKUs important to retail management? A unique stock keeping unit code assigned to each product provides the following benefits:

Better Inventory Management

SKU management equals improved inventory management. When they differentiate products from each other, managers at a retail business are better able to search for and locate products, which increases customer satisfaction and reduces errors. Plus, they improve their inventory tracking process and catalog optimization while avoiding issues with stock levels. SKUs even let retail managers employ inventory management apps to keep track of everything on a remote basis.

Enhanced Customer Experiences

How can an SKU system improve a retail store’s customer loyalty? The data generated when retailers track inventory levels can be analyzed to better understand customer behavior. That way retail elements like the store layout and product placement can be modified to appeal to more shoppers. Of course, improving stock management and providing better product locations will only further drive customer satisfaction. Likewise, SKU numbers are great for online retailers because they allow online shoppers to locate products and initiate repeat purchases with ease.

Reduced Costs

Implementing an SKU system can help a retail business save money. By using SKU numbers to improve inventory management, a retail manager can optimize the store’s use of supplies like raw materials or packing products, reducing the store’s overall costs. Plus, by analyzing sales data and inventory levels, they can better prepare for future orders or production, set reorder points and identify the lowest sellers, thereby making smarter inventory purchasing decisions and reducing wasted products.

Increased Sales

The ultimate goal of most retailers is to increase future sales and boost revenue. Fortunately, assigning a unique SKU code to each product in a store’s inventory is a proven path to growth. Enhancing a business’s sales system with improved inventory management and customer satisfaction is the perfect recipe for a boost in sales revenue. After all, less waste and happy customers can only combine to result in more moved products.

Stock Keeping Unit vs. Universal Product Code

Now that you understand the importance of SKU numbers, you might be wondering how they differ from UPCs or universal product codes. While both an SKU and a UPC code are used to identify products, the two types of sequences vary in the following ways:

• SKU codes are used internally by a business, while UPC numbers are, as their name suggests, universally assigned to a product for external identification.
• UPC codes are always 12 digits, while SKU numbers can range in length from 8-12 characters.
• SKU codes are alphanumeric, while UPC codes contain only numbers.
• A UPC identifies a product’s name and manufacturer, but an SKU number provides a product’s important characteristics.
• Individual merchants assign SKU numbers to their own products, while UPC codes are issued by the Global Standards Organization and apply to all items of the same product around the world.

SKU Number vs. Serial Number

If SKU numbers are different from UPC codes, then what about serial numbers? While both SKUs and UPC codes identify types of products, serial numbers are unique identifiers for individual items. For example, if a store is selling 20 laptops with the same model numbers, each would share an SKU number and a UPC code, but each item would be assigned a unique serial number. They typically are used to track a specific unit through inventory and to document warranty information.

How to Create SKU Numbers

Are SKU numbers difficult to create? Creating SKUs is fairly simple by following a few straightforward steps.

Step 1: Create a Format

There are no fundamental limits on what formatting you use in your SKU architecture or how many characters should be included in your SKU codes. When deciding on a format, make sure you consider how you’re using SKU numbers. For example, if your cashiers need to memorize SKUs, it’s a good idea to keep them short and easy to read. However, if you’re working in warehouses with many different products, longer SKU numbers might be a better choice.

Once you decide on the length, select a format that allows you to embed some level of meaning into each section of your SKU code. You could split your code into three sections—a beginning, middle and end— and assign each section a different meaning.

Step 2: Develop a Coding System

After you’ve determined your SKU format, it’s time to create a coding system, including a list of codes for product characteristics like manufacturers, brands, colors, and sizes. Your point-of-sale software might provide a function for this step, but a manager also can design a coding system using a spreadsheet software product like Microsoft Excel or Google Sheets.

Just make a list of manufacturers and brands in one column of your spreadsheet, for example, and assign each a code in another column. When you put the different sections of code together, you’ll be able to identify each individual product for sale. By developing your own system, employees eventually will be able to identify each product sold by its own unique SKU.

Step 3: Generate SKU Numbers

Don’t worry if you’re overwhelmed by all those numbers. You don’t have to create SKUs manually. Instead, employ an SKU generator to assign the sequences for you.

Many of the top e-commerce platforms and point-of-sale systems software offer SKU generators. Business owners also can choose from a variety of SKU generator apps that are simple to download and immediately use. A few of the most popular SKU generators include Zoho, MageCloud and Primaseller.

SKU Example

How can you recognize an SKU number? What does it look like? Most SKUs are about 8 characters long, and they are made up of both letters and numbers. However, because every business can develop its own SKU format, the exact length and composition of the sequences can vary.

Still unable to envision an SKU number? Perhaps the following SKU number examples can help:

• TSH-000-S – This SKU number was assigned to a small black T-shirt. In the code, TSH stands for the type of product, T-shirt. The 000 is the code assigned to the color black, and the S means the item is a size small.
• DR-211-FL-12 – This hypothetical SKU number was created for a yellow, floral dress, size 12. To start the sequence, the DR code means the product is a dress. Then, 211 means it’s the color yellow, FL means the pattern is a floral design, and finally, 12, of course, is the item’s size.
• TV-RCA-52-SM1 – In another imagery SKU sequence, the number is assigned to a specific television. The SKU starts with the item description and the obvious one of the TV. The next code, RCA, identifies the manufacturer, followed by a code for the screen’s size – 52 inches – and another code, SM1, which identifies a smart television feature.

SKU Tips

While you easily can create an SKU number by following the above steps, you can enhance the process by taking into account a few key tips:

• Reuse SKUs – Even though different SKUs are meant to be unique identifiers. you can use old SKU numbers for new products, provided you wait a few years before reassigning them.
• Start SKUs with letters – When assigning SKU numbers, it’s a good idea to begin them with letters. This will help your accounting team spot them on a spreadsheet full of numbers. Likewise, don’t create SKU numbers that with zero since some apps and software will misinterpret the zero as “nothing,” resulting in errors.
• Order broad to specific – The beginning of your SKU number should be the broadest, highest-level category. Subsequent sections of numbers should gradually work to become more specific, ending with the narrowest category you can qualify.
• Avoid letters that resemble numbers – Since you automatically can scan some SKUs, and accountants manually enter others, you can reduce errors by avoiding letters that look like numbers. For example, the letter “I” looks like the number “1,” and the letter “O” looks like the number “0.”
• Keep SKUs short and simple – If you’re going to manually enter your SKUs, try to minimize the number of characters. The shorter the string of characters in an SKU, the easier it will be for people to remember, and the less time it will take to enter. Remember, even though you want to infuse your SKU numbers with meaning, overloading them can result in SKUs that include far too many digits

Final Words

Using SKU management to keep your business finances under control is one of the best decisions you can make for your brand, especially if you have a wide variety of products to track across locations. It takes time to set up a system capable of scanning, tracking and analyzing them. However, it’s worth the effort.

What does SKU stand for?

The term SKU is an acronym for “stock keeping unit.” It’s a unique identifier that defines each product at inventory levels. In a retail store, for example, an SKU number might identify the type of item, its style, size and color.

How do I find my SKU number?

A product’s SKU number usually can be found on its price tag or packaging, often above the item’s UPC barcode. While the universal product code will be 12 digits and include only numbers, the SKU is differentiated by its varied length and its inclusion of alphabetic characters along with numbers. An SKU also might be listed on purchase orders or print labels or shipping.

Is SKU a serial number?

Although they might resemble one another, SKUs are not the same as serial numbers. A serial number is a unique code used to track a specific item’s ownership and warranty information, while an SKU number is used to track a product in inventory.

Is a Barcode an SKU?

A UPC barcode is not the same as an SKU number, in use or format. Barcodes are always 12 digits and contain only numbers. They are used to identify a product and its manufacturer. SKU numbers, on the other hand, usually are alphanumeric codes and can vary in length. They identify items in a store’s inventory by its specific product traits, such as color, size or style.

How do I get an SKU for my product?

Want to establish an SKU system and get your inventory organized? You can manually create your system by determining your SKU format and developing a coding system on a spreadsheet. However, you also can use the simpler method and employ any POS systems or SKU generator apps to generate your own SKUs.

Image: Envato Elements

This article, “What is an SKU and How Your Small Business Can Use One” was first published on Small Business Trends